Bibliotheken Online

Negotiating political conflicts

Frank R. Pfetsch

Buch

englisch

Pfetsch, Frank R. (Verfasser/-in) DNB

Palgrave Macmillan

London ; New York

2007

XIV, 216 p.

978-0-230-52136-0

includes bibliographical references and index.

power (social sciences)
negotiations
international relations
conflict resolution
theory

Summary:
Negotiations which generate solutions to conflicts without the use of violence are the only adequate means of conflict resolution in an interdependent globalized world.Negotiating Political Conflictsanalyzes comprehensively the foundations for understanding negotiations: What is negotiation? What are the most important concepts and terms? How does negotiation relate to its object the conflict? How does the process of negotiation develop? What is the significance of cultural difference in international negotiations? What characterizes a durable solution? Empirical examples illustrate theoretical conceptions. Academics and practitioners will find this book an invaluable companion to the theory and practice of negotiation.
Table of Contents:
Terms of Use
List of Figuresp. x
List of Tablesp. xi
Introductionp. xii
1Negotiations and the Theory of Negotiationp. 1
1.1 What is negotiation?p. 4
1.2 What characterizes negotiations?p. 5
1.3 The specific characteristics of international negotiationsp. 8
1.4 The three phases of the negotiation processp. 10
2Conflict as the Subject of Negotiationsp. 16
2.1 Conflict and negotiationp. 16
2.2 What is a political conflict?p. 16
2.3 The dynamics of conflict evolution: A dynamic model of conflictp. 17
2.4 Negotiations in situations of crisis and warp. 19
2.5 The most intensive form of conflict: Warp. 20
2.6 What kind of negotiable or non-negotiable conflicts do we face today in international politics?p. 21
2.6.1 Looking back: Changes in conflict behaviourp. 21
2.6.2 Looking ahead: Hypotheses about future conflict behaviourp. 26
2.7 Bringing negotiations and conflicts togetherp. 30
2.8 The KOSIMO Projectp. 31
2.9 Conflict and conflict management: The life cycle of symmetry between means and endsp. 32
3Who Negotiates with What Means?p. 35
3.1 The negotiatorp. 35
3.1.1 Confrontational versus integrative negotiationp. 36
3.1.2 The negotiation dilemmap. 37
3.2 Advice to practitionersp. 39
4Culture and Multilateral Negotiationp. 42
4.1 Negotiation style and negotiation culturep. 42
4.1.1 Examples taken from cases demonstrating Japanese and German negotiating stylesp. 50
4.2 Different national cultures and stylesp. 57
4.2.1 Three discourses on nation-buildingp. 57
4.2.2 Language groups and intellectual stylep. 59
4.2.3 Political mobilization and protestp. 59
4.2.4 The democratic deficit within the EU, as perceived by the United Kingdom, Germany and Francep. 60
4.2.5 The case of the nomination of the President of the European Central Bankp. 62
4.2.6 Core terms in the European discoursep. 63
5The Instruments of Negotiationp. 67
5.1 Typologies of negotiation techniques and resourcesp. 68
5.2 Actor-related resourcesp. 69
5.2.1 Principled negotiation (Harvard Negotiation Project)p. 70
5.2.2 Shuttle diplomacyp. 71
5.2.3 Brainstormingp. 72
5.3 Issue-related resourcesp. 72
5.3.1 Extension or differentiation of the issuesp. 72
5.3.2 Reconciliation of interestsp. 73
5.3.3 Setting quotas and proportionsp. 76
5.3.4 Exchange or package dealsp. 77
5.3.5 The allocation of emission quotasp. 77
5.4 Process-related resources: strategies, tacticsp. 77
5.4.1 Delayp. 77
5.4.2 Escape into generalization and ideologyp. 78
5.4.3 Two-track settingp. 78
5.4.4 Reframingp. 79
5.4.5 Changes in perspectivep. 79
5.4.6 The negotiation formulap. 81
5.4.7 The one- or two-text procedurep. 82
5.4.8 The shadow of the futurep. 83
5.4.9 External conditionsp. 83
5.4.9.1 Rules of decision-makingp. 83
5.4.9.2 Binding and non-binding agreementsp. 85
5.4.10 Linking instruments to power resourcesp. 86
6The Role of Power in Negotiationsp. 89
6.1 The three dimensions of powerp. 91
6.2 Symmetry and asymmetryp. 94
6.3 The five manifestations of symmetry and asymmetryp. 97
6.3.1 The first manifestation: symmetry/asymmetry as power of possessionp. 100
6.3.2 The second manifestations of symmetry/asymmetry as a process variable in the pursuit of equalityp. 101
6.3.3 The third manifestation: Relations between ends and meansp. 106
6.3.4 The fourth manifestation: Symmetry/asymmetry of mediation equidistancep. 109
6.3.5 The fifth manifestation of symmetry: Outcomes as a fair sharep. 111
7The Power of Powerlessness, or How Weakness Can be Transformed into Strengthp. 115
7.1 Resources of the weaker partyp. 115
7.2 Increasing resources through amalgamation: Coalition-buildingp. 117
7.3 The limits to negotiationsp. 119
7.3.1 Principled negotiation: The Harvard Project approachp. 120
7.3.2 The discourse modelp. 121
7.3.3 Rational choicep. 121
7.3.4 Inadequate means: Means and ends relationshipp. 123
8The Power of Institutions: Collective Negotiating in Groupsp. 125
8.1 Effectivenessp. 128
8.2 Representativenessp. 132
8.3 Negotiating in regionally integrated institutions such as the European Unionp. 134
9The Power of Law: Negotiating Within the Framework of International Norms and Principlesp. 136
9.1 The Petersberg (Germany) conference on Afghanistanp. 137
9.2 The US-EU trade disputep. 138
10The Mediator, the Faciliatorp. 141
10.1 Mediation strategiesp. 142
10.2 Who mediates?p. 145
10.3 Third party instrumentsp. 150
10.4 The mediators, the conciliatorsp. 153
10.5 Mediation in civic affairsp. 156
11Modalities of Conflict Terminationp. 159
11.1 Typology of conflict termination and the role of negotiationp. 159
11.1.1 Some historic examplesp. 159
11.2 The quality of negotiated agreementsp. 162
11.2.1 Non-decisionsp. 162
11.2.2 Partial decisionsp. 163
11.2.3 Radical resolutionsp. 163
11.2.4 Ambiguous decisionsp. 163
11.2.5 Majority decisions and compromisep. 164
11.2.6 Stable and unstable decisionsp. 164
11.2.7 Conservative or progressive decisionsp. 164
11.2.8 Future-oriented agreementsp. 165
11.3 Military, territorial and political resultsp. 165
11.3.1 Territorial resultsp. 166
11.3.2 Political resultsp. 167
11.4 Formal versus informal terminationp. 168
11.5 Conflicts in the UN Security Councilp. 169
11.6 Historical casesp. 169
11.7 Unfinished wars: Short-lived resultsp. 171
12Resolution Through Negotiationp. 173
12.1 The theory of 'unfinished' peace agreementsp. 175
12.1.1 Kantian peace in the Western worldp. 177
12.2 The six components of a durable solutionp. 178
12.3 Justice and fairness in negotiationsp. 184
12.4 Peace agreements forced upon the parties risk new wars; peace agreements deriving of their name bring about peacep. 187
13Hypotheses About the Nature, Environment, Rules of Conflict, Third Parties, and Outcomes/Solutionsp. 189
13.1 Hypotheses concerning the nature of conflictsp. 189
13.2 Hypotheses concerning the environmentp. 190
13.3 Hypotheses concerning the issues in conflictp. 190
13.4 Theses on conflict managementp. 191
13.5 The role of third parties, the mediatorsp. 191
13.6 Hypotheses concerning the resolution of conflictsp. 193
13.7 Hypotheses concerning outcomesp. 194
14Conclusionsp. 196
Notesp. 200
Bibliographyp. 204
Index

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